Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus Domitius

With his father, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, he had been a member of the party that in 49 made an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Caesar from seizing power. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 by a group led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius

Jili, Al-

Little is known about al-Jili's personal life. Possibly after a visit to India in 1387, he studied in Yemen during 1393–1403. Of his more than 30 works, the most famous is Al-Insan al-kamil fi ma'rifat al-awakhir wa al-awa 'il (partial Eng. trans., Studies in Islamic

Uhland, Ludwig

Uhland studied law and classical and medieval literature at the University of Tübingen. He wrote his first poems while in Tübingen, publishing Vaterländische Gedichte (“Fatherland Poems”) in 1815. It

Heredity, In bacteria

In 1961 the French molecular biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod proposed a model for genetic regulation in E. coli. When grown on a minimum culture of carbohydrates and sulfur, these bacteria can synthesize all of their necessary amino acids. To accomplish this amino-acid synthesis, the bacteria must produce various enzymes, the activities of which can be detected

Hetzer, Ludwig

After studies at Freiburg im Breisgau, Hetzer published Judicium Dei (1523; “The Judgment of God”), in which he condemned the use of images, and Ein Beweis (1524; “One Proof ”), a work on the conversion of the Jews. The first work became a major part of the Reformed effort

Downpatrick

Irish  Dún Pádraig  town and seat, Down district (established 1973), formerly in County Down, Northern Ireland. Downpatrick is located where the River Quoilé broadens into its estuary in Strangford Lough (inlet of the sea). The town takes its name from dún (fortress) and from its association with St. Patrick. It is the Dun-da-leth-glas (Fortress of the Two Broken Fetters) of Irish chroniclers. Formerly

Guare, John

Guare, who at age 11 produced his first play for friends and family, was educated at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (B.A., 1960), and at Yale University (M.F.A., 1963). He then began staging short plays, primarily in New York City, where he helped to found the Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theatre Playwrights'

Korfanty Line

When the Allied powers concluded the Treaty of Versailles with defeated Germany, they provided for a plebiscite in Upper Silesia, which contained

Substitution Reaction

If the chlorine atom is displaced by other groups—such as the cyanide ion (-CN), the

Earth, Folding

Compression of the Earth's surface results in the formation of mountain ranges in which rocks are extensively folded. Erosion of a sequence of sedimentary rocks containing beds, some of which are easily eroded and others of which are resistant to erosion, produces numerous parallel ridges and valleys that are oriented parallel to the mountain belt in which they

Ya-an

Established as the seat of a county under the Ch'in (221–206 BC) and Han (206 BC–AD 220) dynasties,

Exxon Corporation

Formerly (until 1972)  Standard Oil Company (New Jersey)  one of the world's largest corporations in terms of sales, with investments and operations in petroleum and natural gas, coal, nuclear fuels, chemicals, and such ores as copper, lead, and zinc. It also operates pipelines and one of the world's largest fleets of tankers and other ships. Exxon engages in every phase of the petroleum industry from oil fields to service stations.

Wright, Quincy

Wright received his B.A. from Lombard College, Galesburg, Ill., in 1912 and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1915. He taught at Harvard University in 1916–19 and at the University of Minnesota in 1919–23. In 1923 he became

Chemistry

For the first two-thirds of the 20th century, chemistry was seen by many as the science of the future. The potential of chemical products for enriching society appeared to be unlimited. Increasingly, however, and especially in the public mind, the negative aspects of chemistry have come to the fore. Disposal of chemical by-products at waste-disposal sites of limited capacity

Sackville

Town, Westmorland county, southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies near the Nova Scotia border, 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Moncton. Three French villages occupied the site about 1720, but these were destroyed with the capture of nearby Fort Beauséjour (Fort Cumberland) and the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755. Resettled in 1761 by New England immigrants, the community was named after

Scandinavian Literature

The body of writings in the North Germanic group of languages, the modern forms of which include Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish, and Faeroese. The literary works written in these languages, though manifesting certain differences reflective of distinct national institutions, exhibit strong similarities stemming from deep-seated common linguistic and